博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷三

Section Ⅰ Vocabulary

Directions:

There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

1.Early last year the company researched the possibility of______a new late-night show.

A.launching

B.longing

C.leading

D.landing

2.The medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.deteriorated

D.mediated

3.The purpose of a______is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition.

A.tax

B.toll

C.fee

D.tariff

4.If the profits in one year are not sufficient to pay the dividend,the______will be paid from the profits of later year.

A.arrear

B.debt

C.difference

D.margin

5.The______cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

6.There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons,but my favorite time is the______from fall to winter.

A.transition

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transfer

7.Email is a convenient,highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that______well to human needs.

A.adheres

B.conforms

C.satisfies

D.reflects

8.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a______character.

A.gracious

B.suspicious

C.unique

D.particular

9.Changing from solid to liquid,water takes in heat from all substances near it,and this______produces artificial cold surrounding it.

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

10.______the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.

A.But for

B.In case of

C.In spite of

D.Because of

11.A tyre______when you pump air into it; it shrinks when the air is gone.

A.contacts

B.expands

C.breaks

D.shrinks

12.We simply can't compete with other companies______we improve our engine design and reduce the cost of production.

A.though

B.unless

C.lest

D.provided

13.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary______it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.

A.by that

B.at that

C.on that

D.in that

14.He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee,______not very popular with all its members.

A.to be considered

B.considering

C.being considered

D.having considered

15.______telling her again since she won't listen to it?

A.What's the point of

B.How's the point of

C.Where is the point in

D.Is there the point for

16.To save money for my education, mother often took on more work than______for her.

A.it was good

B.what was good

C.was good

D.being good

17.He denied______to send out the signal at exactly 8 p.m.

A.having been telling

B.being told

C.to be told

D.having been told

18.Did it ever______you that he could be the murderer?

A.occur to

B.occur in

C.happen to

D.happen with

19.The Professor sprang to his feet,______a hand to his rosy, bald head.

A.covered

B.clapping

C.smashing

D.hit

20.The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and______troughs of water for the horses to drink.

A.held in

B.held with

C.held down

D.held up

Section Ⅱ Cloze

Directions:

Read the following passage.For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.Yet much had happened 21 .As was discussed before,it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 ,following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical.It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up,beginning with transport,the railway,and leading 26 through the telegraph,the telephone,radio,and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane.Not everyone sees that process in 28 .It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29 ,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 .As time went by,computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became“personal”too,as well as 33 ,with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing.They were thought of,like people, 35 generations,with the distance between generations much smaller.

It was within the computer age that the term“information society”began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live.

21.A.between　B.before　C.since　D.later

22.A.after　B.by　C.during　D.until

23.A.means　B.method　C.medium　D.measure

24.A.process　B.company　C.light　D.form

25.A.gathered　B.speeded　C.worked　D.picked

26.A.on　B.out　C.over　D.off

27.A.of　B.for　C.beyond　D.into

28.A.concept　B.dimension　C.effect　D.perspective

29.A.indeed　B.hence　C.however　D.therefore

30.A.brought　B.followed　C.stimulated　D.characterized

31.A.unless　B.since　C.lest　D.although

32.A.apparent　B.desirable　C.negative　D.plausible

33.A.institutional　B.universal　C.fundamental　D.instrumental

34.A.ability　B.capability　C.capacity　D.faculty

35.A.by means of　B.in terms of　C.with regard to　D.in line with

Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

1

Celebrate.Celebrate.Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel's recommendation earlier this year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain on the market,despite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some people.The panelists reached their decision after weighing all the data and concluding the benefits of these pain-relieving drugs outweighed the risks.

Specifically,these scientists acknowledged that,for some patients,these prescription drugs were uniquely effective in reducing pain from arthritis and other causes.For others—concerned about ulcers associated with aspirin and other OTC analgesics—the Cox-2 inhibitors offered the advantage of minimizing potentially serious effects of stomach irritation.

Now is an appropriate time for everyone to take a fresh look at the benefit-risk equation for Vioxx and the other Cox-2 inhibitors.

The risks—increased risk of heart disease in some who use the drugs—have been well publicized.Much less publicity has been given to a spectrum of real and potential benefits that go way beyond reduced risk of stomach irritation.These little-discussed benefits would have been lost,perhaps permanently—had Vioxx,Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety,an unattainable goal.

For example,there is substantial evidence Cox-2 inhibitors can reduce development of colon polyps,which may become colon cancel indeed.Celebrex is FDA-approved for those genetically prone to colon cancer.Ironically,the 2004 study that revealed the elevated heart attack risk of Vioxx was primarily designed to further establish the drug's effectiveness in protecting against colon cancer.And while the results of that interrupted trial have not yet been published,there is good reason to believe they will confirm the protective effects against colon cancer established in research over the last 10 years.

At the time of its withdrawal from the market last fall,studies of Vioxx as well as the other Cox-2 drugs suggested they had other anti-cancer properties as well,possibly reducing the risk of malignancies of a number of sites,including the lung and esophagus.

Had these drugs been dismissed,their untapped promise for prevention would have evaporated well before it was evaluated and applied to save lives.Fortunately,cooler and wiser heads prevailed.

36.The FDA advisory panel recommends that Cox-2 inhibitors should be______.

A.given clinic test

B.taken with great caution

C.used to treat heart problems

D.made available to the patients

37.What does the passage say about Cox-2 inhibitors?

A.They could prevent arthritis.

B.Their functions have been exaggerated.

C.They could relieve some stomach problems.

D.Their risks and benefits are identical.

38.Cox-2 inhibitors were once banned from the market because they were found to increase the risk of triggering______.

A.colon cancer

B.stomach problems

C.heart disease

D.genetic problems

39.The possible benefits of Cox-2 inhibitors______.

A.could hardly outweigh their risks

B.should be thoroughly studied

C.will show in curing stomachaches

D.may well be found in a much wider area

40.The primary purpose of the 2004 study about Vioxx was to______.

A.confirm its power in cancer-prevention

B.see if it protects against cancer for sure

C.reveal its potential risks in causing heart attack

D.interrupt the research focusing on its drawbacks

41.When Cox-2 inhibitors were banned from sale,______.

A.no research had been done about their effects

B.some studies demonstrated their usefulness

C.their risks were not well known to the public

D.some patients complained about the decision

2

Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Clubs have both taken the opportunity to travel to Spain this month to train in less testing weather conditions than those which have,quite literally,already blown around the UK in January of 2007.

Each group of athletes has been focused on training to the maximum,working on technique and molding themselves into two potential fighting units per Club for the 2007 Boat Race,sponsored by Xchanging.One set will be in the Blue Boat for each club and one set will race as reserves in Isis,for Oxford,and Goldie,for Cambridge.

In these modern times,the Head Coach for each club has a huge input on selection even though the crew is still named by the President.Just twenty years ago the balance was not quite the same.

The year 1987 will always be remembered in the history of this great Race as the year of the“mutiny”at Oxford.It is a tale which has since been retold and reworked in both a book and a movie.

This was the season for which mature Scottish student,Donald MacDonald,was elected President,having all ready won a Blue in 1986.MacDonald re-appointed Daniel Topolski (now a renowned rowing journalist and broadcaster)as Chief Coach.

Part of the 1986／1987 squad at Oxford included American Chris Clark,now a coach at an American University,and four fellow US internationals.

Allegedly,a split appeared in the squad between the American quintet,all experienced and leading oarsmen,and those rowers closest to MacDonald.The Scot's group were happy to follow Topolski's regime whilst the others were not so sure.

Following a contentious seat racing trial in January of 1987,Topolski decided to move Clark to the bow-side of the beat.Clark disagreed.Topolski held firm.As a result Clark and his“group” within the squad decided not to row and sought a takeover.

The squabble was played out extensively in the UK national media and caught the public imagination.MacDonald sought support from the college captains and eventually won a vote of confidence by 28 votes to 11.

Without the Americans,the Oxford crew was immediately considered a lost cause.Cambridge were overwhelming favorites to win.

As it turned out,though,this was a Race which would prove why sport,and particularly The Boat Race,can be so fascinating.

42.It can be inferred that “Isis”and“Goldie”are the names of two______.

A.places

B.teams

C.races

D.clubs

43.According to the passage,in crew-naming,the President______.

A.has no influence in the Head Coach's opinion

B.gives little care to the idea of the Head Coach

C.used to be the only one to make decisions

D.had greater say 20 years ago than today

44.The boldfaced word“quintet”in Paragraph 7 refers to______.

A.three people

B.four people

C.five people

D.six people

45.The split seemed to be caused by the disagreement between______.

A.Topolski and Clark

B.MacDonald and Clark

C.MacDonald and Topolski

D.the Scottish students and the American oarsmen

46.MacDonald had to seek support from the college captains because______.

A.the public imagined he was not competent to command his crew

B.the Chief Coach Topolski lost the experienced American oarsmen

C.the Oxford crew was unlikely to win the Race without the Americans

D.the Americans would leave the squad unless they were to lead it

47.From the last paragraph we can draw the conclusion that______.

A.Oxford won the Boat Race

B.Cambridge won the Boat Race

C.the Boat Race ended in a tie

D.the Boat Race was cancelled

3

It was two years ago today that the hunting ban came into force,supposedly ending centuries of tradition.However,the law has been an unmitigated failure—not that either side is shouting about it.

It was a nightmare vision that struck fear and loathing into the hearts of millions.When the hunting ban became law,it was said,16,000 people would lose their jobs,thousands of hounds would be put down,rotting carcasses would litter the countryside,hedgerows would disappear,riders would face on-the-spot fines,law-abiding people from doctors to barristers would be dragged from their horses and carted off to prison,while dog owners would be prosecuted if their mutt caught a rabbit.

These were just some of the claims as desperate countryside campaigners battled to save their sport in the lead-up to the hunting ban,which Labour rammed into law using the Parliament Act on November 18,2004.

For many,the fears were real.Others exaggerated as they fought an increasingly aggressive anti-hunting lobby which had rejected acres of independent evidence affirming that hunting is the most humane way of killing foxes.In the battle to“fight prejudice,fight the ban”,every emotive argument was deployed.

For its part,the anti-hunting brigade extravagantly claimed that the ban would put an end to the rich parading in red jackets.A senior Labour MP,Peter Bradley,admitted in this newspaper that it was,as many suspected,about “class war”.He lost his seat shortly afterwards.But people in red coats did not disappear.

In fact,none of the forecasts came true.What did happen was something nobody had predicted：the spectacular revival and growth of hunting with hounds.In short,the hunting ban has been a failure.

Today,on the second anniversary of the ban's coming into force on February 18,2005,new figures show that participation in the sport has never been higher.It is so cheerful that two new packs have been formed,something that has not happened for centuries.

They include the seductively named Private Pack,set up by the financier Roddy Fleming in Gloucestershire.It operates on an invitation-only basis,a sort of hunting private members club.This can only mean one thing：like it or not,hunting is cool.Young people are taking it up,enticed by the element of rebellion and the mystique of what actually happens as hunts attempt to keep within the law.

48.The hunting ban has been a complete failure because______.

A.the hunting has never been stopped but has instead flourished

B.the government has been short of hands to enforce the law

C.the law makers failed to see hunting as a long-time tradition

D.the ban aimed to protect the interests of the upper-class only

49.Those who break the hunting ban would______.

A.lose their jobs

B.bring shame to their fellow people

C.have to kill their horses and dogs

D.face either fines or imprisonment

50.The anti-hunting lobby held that______.

A.fox-hunting was an expression of prejudice

B.the countryside campaigners were reasonable

C.the theory of humane killing did not hold water

D.the hunters exaggerated the dreadful scene of hunting

51.What does the author think of the hunting campaigners' position?

A.It was unknowingly biased.

B.It was emotionally charged.

C.It was increasingly militant.

D.It was certainly powerful.

52.By saying“people in red coats did not disappear”,the author implied that______.

A.the upper class won the“war”

B.Bradley deserved his fate

C.the hunting ban did not work

D.the hunting ban was untimely

53.As a result of the ban,______.

A.hunting activities have become more secretive

B.people have become more curious about hunting

C.citizens have become more confused by the law

D.the country tradition has been radically shaken

4

In a recent survey,Garber and Holtz concluded that the average half-hour children's television show contains 47 violent acts.When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded,“I sure as heck don't think that Bugs Bunny's pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunk's head is violence.”Unfortunately,both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question.The real issue is whether children view such acts as violence.

The violence programming aimed at children almost always appears in the context of fantasy.Cartoon violence generally includes animation,humor,and a remote setting.There is no evidence of direct imitation of television violence by children,though there is evidence that fantasy violence can energize previously learned aggressive response such as a physical attack on another child during play.It is by no means clear,however,that the violence in a portrayal is solely responsible for this energizing effect.Rather,the evidence suggests that any exciting material can trigger subsequent aggressive behavior and that it is the excitation rather than the portrayal of violence that instigates or energizes any subsequent violent behavior.“Cold”imitation of violence by children is extremely rare,and the very occasional evidence of direct,imitative associations between television violence and aggressive behavior has been limited to extremely novel and violent acts by teenagers or adults with already established patterns of deviant behavior.The institutional effect means,in the short term,that exposure to violent portrayals could be dangerous if shortly after the exposure(within 15 to 20 minutes),the child happens to be in a situation that calls for interpersonal aggression as an appropriate response,for example,an argument between siblings or among peers.This same institutional effect, however,could be produced by other exciting but nonviolent television content or by any other excitational source,including,ironically,a parent's turning off the set.

So there is no convincing causal evidence of any cumulative instigational effects such as more aggressive or violent dispositions in children.In fact,passivity is a more likely long-term result of heavy viewing of television violence.The evidence does not warrant the strong conclusions advanced by many critics who tend to use television violence as a scapegoat to draw public attention away from the real causes of violence—causes like abusive spouses and parents and a culture that celebrates violence generally.

54.The primary purpose of the passage is to______.

A.correct a popular misconception

B.solve a serious social problem

C.criticize some earlier research

D.propose some theories on crime

55.According to the author,the immediate effect of TV cartoons on children is that they become______.

A.violent

B.excited

C.imaginative

D.aggressive

56.The boldfaced word“appropriate”in Paragraph 2 means______.

A.moral

B.agreeable

C.normal

D.polite

57.If there is an argument between siblings one hour after their watching some TV violence,these children would______.

A.likely fall into a state of total passivity to their parents

B.likely behave less aggressively than on other occasions

C.unlikely resort to any violent actions but keep peaceful

D.unlikely be more violent than without watching the program

58.As the evidence shows,who would most likely imitate TV violence?

A.The children who are the only child of the family.

B.The children who are extraordinarily imaginative.

C.The children who like to act against the rules.

D.The children who like fantasy TV programs.

59.The last paragraph indicates the truth that______.

A.TV violence makes some children more violent and others more passive

B. the long-term exposure to TV violence is the major cause of violence

C. violence has little to do with TV but much with children's nature

D.the family and social environment play a big role in children's violence

Section Ⅳ Translation

Directions:

In this section there is a passage in English.Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.

If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile,you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom you are addressing,the problems will be different.If you are talking to a group of managers,you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries；alternatively if you are addressing secretaries,you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.

Here is an example,which I heard at a nurses' convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.

If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties.

Section Ⅴ Writing

Directions:

Write an essay in no less than 200 words entitled“Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization”.