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任伯年畫譜
光緒十三年石印版
任伯年 (一八四〇—一八九六),清末畫家。初名潤,字次遠,號小樓,後改名頤,字伯年,别號山陰道上行者、壽道士等,以字行,浙江山陰航塢山(今杭州蕭山區)人。任伯年是我國近代杰出畫家,在“四任”(任伯年、任阜長、任渭長、任預)之中,成就最爲突出,是“海上畫派”中的佼佼者。任伯年的繪畫發軔於民間藝術,他重視繼承,融匯諸家之長,吸收了西畫的速寫、設色諸法,形成自己丰姿多彩、新穎生動的獨特畫風,豐富了中國畫的内涵。
任伯年作畫譜是在十九世纪八十年代,是他繪畫技藝最爲成熟的時期,并正在走向新峰。顔元從師伯年學畫,開始時以臨摹畫稿爲主,有人物故事、神仙傳奇、花鳥、草蟲、禽獸、蔬果。他臨摹的《赤壁泛舟》畫稿上有任伯年的末署:“癸未夏六月(一八八三)。”其子顔文樑將其父臨摹之畫稿六十幅出版,這足以證實任伯年畫稿的時間。一八八五年《點石齋畫報》增刊發行了任伯年的《課徒畫稿》,之後伯年又作一〇〇幅扇面畫稿,其中《桃花鸚鵡》《溪山策杖》二圖款署:“光緒丙戌(一八八六)冬十二月山陰任頤寫於滬上。”就是這一〇〇幅畫稿編成了《任伯年繪畫真迹畫譜》,册前吴大澂書“六法大觀”四字篆書,并書“光緒十有三年(一八八七)”。後有王子卿序:“故薇舟寓滬濱喜得任君手繪百頁,持以見視,凡人物、山水、花鳥、草蟲,各具精妙,洵爲後學津梁。胡君付剞劂,以廣其傳。”俞曲園跋文云:“任君伯年所作……皆有古拙之意存其中,每見其筆迹,覺漢人陳敞、劉白增去人未遠,薇舟得其畫……刻之以永傳……”吴大澂稱之“六法大觀”,其意深刻。任伯年的《課徒畫稿》《真迹畫譜》筆法靈活,綫描精妙,以及點畫俯仰、筆势造境,是值得後學者認真研究學習的。
任伯年畫譜中,題材涉獵廣泛。人物畫神形兼備,花鳥畫有情有趣,山水畫神韵畢現。畫譜不僅要師法物象,還要做到妙奪天工,更可貴的是有些畫的立意具有針砭寄情之能。諸如《鍾馗圖》《蘇武牧羊》《關河一望蕭索》《蜀主詞意》……一畫再畫,“其意義不在於避邪啖鬼”,還有張揚愛國情懷、主持真理和仁愛之義,這與任伯年在寧波、上海“身之所歷,目之所見”的現實生活密切相關。他曾在《鍾馗圖》上題:“身居十里洋場,無异置身异域。”這是他真實的心靈感受,“人禀七情,應物斯感,感物吟志,莫非自然”,所以他能畫出心靈感悟。《關河一望蕭索》題曰:“唐人警句也,有感於斯,常繪其圖。”顯然是針對現實有感而發。更爲明顯的是他在《蜀主詞意》題云:“余非愛蜀主之詞,實愛蜀中之山,往往神游於此,故追憶圖之。”一個愛國者,自然會愛祖國的山河,贊嘆山河之壯麗,好山好水看不够,情融風光之秀美,任伯年這種愛國之情,同樣凝聚在他的畫譜中。
《任伯年繪畫真迹畫谱》,即《任伯年扇面畫册》木版畫册,收圖百幅。岫前吴大澂題曰:“六法大觀”,可謂推崇備至。王子卿序言云:“胡君薇舟僑寓滬濱,喜得任君伯年手繪百頁,持以見視,凡人物、山水、花鳥、草蟲,各具精妙,洵爲後學津梁。胡君亟付剞劂,以廣其傳。”出版緣由,此可概見。據序言年款,書似刻成於光緒十三年,即一八八七年。
原畫册繪、刻、印三者分工,屬複製木刻,與現代作者自畫自刻自印創作木刻有别。唯刻工藝術手段高明,刀法變化多樣,綫條剛柔并俱,頗能再現原作精神。每當觀者注意及花鳥形象之傳神,人物表情之細膩,其精微處,令人叫絶。本譜除收録《任伯年扇面畫譜》外,還收録了其他人物、花鳥、山水譜附於後以利實用。
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