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1.4 按植物栽培方式分类
园林植物按栽培方式,可分为露地栽培植物和温室栽培植物两大类。
1.4.1 露地栽培植物
露地栽培植物是指适应性强,能在当地自然气候环境下安全越冬的植物。这类植物大部分为直接露地栽植于土壤中,也有少量采用容器栽培。
1.露地栽植
在前面植物分类中提及的大多是适宜于露地土中栽植的植物,在此不再重复叙述。
2.容器栽培
在传统园林中,盆景就是容器栽培的典型方式。盆景常用于专类园(盆景园)的布景或园林景观重要景点的点缀。现代园林为了反季节施工的需要,常采用简便的容器栽培大树,在移植时可减少大树根系的损伤,能大大提高大树移栽的成活率。
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观形树桩盆景
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观花树桩盆景
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水旱式盆景
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丛林式盆景
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观果树桩盆景
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日本五针松盆栽
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盆栽景点点缀
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盆景专类园
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黑松简易容器栽培
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造型罗汉松砖垒容器栽培
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鸡爪槭简易容器栽培
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紫薇简易容器栽培
1.4.2 温室栽培植物
温室栽培植物是指耐寒性不强,不能在当地室外环境下安全越冬的植物。这类植物大部分来自南方地区,引种于北方地区时,冬季需要在温室内培育过冬。根据观赏特性,具体可分为室内观叶植物、室内观花植物、室内观果植物等。
1.室内观叶植物
室内观叶植物主要品种如下列图片所示。
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散尾葵
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鱼尾葵
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榕树
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橡皮树
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棕竹
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巴西铁
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马拉巴栗
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花叶绿萝
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花叶鹅掌柴
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变叶木
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海芋
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朱蕉
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龟背竹
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孔雀竹芋
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紫背竹芋
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花叶芋
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常春藤
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花叶万年青
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文竹
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肾蕨
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南洋杉
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澳洲杉
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龙血树
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金边虎皮兰
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金边龙舌兰
2.室内观花植物
室内观花植物主要品种如下列图片所示。
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报春花
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瓜叶菊
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仙客来
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风信子
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水仙
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君子兰
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大花蕙兰
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文心兰
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石斛兰
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蝴蝶兰
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蟹爪兰
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凤梨
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红掌
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百合花
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郁金香
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天竺葵
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康乃馨
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白鹤芋
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西洋杜鹃
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金边瑞香
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茉莉花
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米兰
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叶子花
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白兰花
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扶桑
3.室内观果植物
室内观果植物主要品种如下列图片所示。
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金桔
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佛手
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柠檬
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乳茄(黄金果)
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朱砂根(富贵子)